Background The KRAS exon 2 p. G12C mutation in patients with lung adenocarcinoma has been increasing in relevance due to the development and effectiveness of new treatment medications. Studies around different populations indicate that regional variability between ethnic groups and ancestries could play an essential role in developing this molecular alteration within lung cancer.

Abstract Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a heterogeneous disease, and therapeutic management has advanced to identify various critical oncogenic mutations that promote lung cancer tumorigenesis. Subsequent studies have developed targeted therapies against these oncogenes in the hope of personalized treatment based on the tumor’s molecular genomics. This review presents a comprehensive review of the biology, new therapeutic interventions, and resistance patterns of two well-defined subgroups, tumors with KRAS and MET alterations.

Background During the last two decades, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) has undergone important changes, with new diagnostic markers and criteria, better recognition of clinical phenotypes, better disease prognosis and new therapeutic approaches. Consequently, management of NMOSD patients in Latin American (LATAM) has become more complex and challenging in clinical practice.

Resumen

Abstract Craniosynostosis is defined as the premature closure of one or more cranial sutures, which alters the configuration of the child’s head (Figure). The morbidity and mortality are related to intracranial hypertension, hydrocephalus, Chiari 1 deformity, upper airway obstructions, and developmental delay, especially in syndromic cases. Eighty-five percent of cases are nonsyndromic, and of these, 75% are single-suture synostoses and nearly 60% of those are sagittal synostosis. Sagittal synostosis (scaphocephaly) typically spares the skull base.

Background COVID 19 infection represents a global threat and now a frequent cause of hospitalization in pediatrics. COVID 19, as well as Influenza virus could have a severe course. There are few studies, and no local or regional information comparing severe disease between COVID 19 and Influenza virus in children.

Resumen: La calprotectina fecal es un biomarcador del estado inflamatorio intestinal, que podría ser útil en pediatría como una prueba no invasiva para la diferenciación de trastornos gastrointestinales orgánicos y funcionales. Objetivo. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir los niveles de calprotectina fecal en niños con trastornos gastrointestinales en Colombia.

Background Recently, hoarseness affecting the supraglottic structure has been reported in Kawasaki disease (KD). The objective of this study was to characterize the frequency of hoarseness in acute KD patients in Latin America.

Conclusions Hoarseness was found to be prevalent as a presenting sign of acute KD in younger children. Anemia may indicate the presence of active inflammation.

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Introduction: Colombia and Latin America in general show low rates of Exclusive Breast Feeding (EBF), which are far from the goal of 50% EBF by 2025 proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO) (1). Home-Based Breastfeeding Support Programs (HBSP) are a strategy created to strengthen adoption and adherence to EBF during the first 6 months, with the ultimate goal of providing the benefits of this practice and of preventing complications related to its absence (2).

Abstract Children with cancer are at high risk for poor outcomes, and health care providers are often unfamiliar with best practices in infection care and prevention (IC&P) in this small and fragile population. Graduates of training courses in IC&P in immunocompromised hosts identified a need for a community that would enable members to share health care experiences, provide resources for continuing medical education, and foster collaborative research and quality improvement opportunities.